Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja
type: channel
description: Faravid on Pohjois-Suomen Historiallinen Yhdistys ry:n julkaisema kahdesti vuodessa ilmestyvä historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja.
publisher: Pohjois-Suomen Historiallinen Yhdistys ry
language: fi
publication name: Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja
issn: 0356-5629
items: Britain and the Russian Threat
items: The Interplay Between Non-Human Animals and Modernising Forestry in Finland During 1910s
items: The Death Seat of Two Russian Soldiers – Folklore From the Great Wrath
items: ”Onhan tämä nyt mukavaa, kun on kotonta yhteys suureen maailmaan”
items: Godfrey Greene and Sebastian Cabot: An English Lecturer and His Dog in Helsinki in the 1930s
items: Nälkävuodet Oulun läänissä, Haapajärven kihlakunnassa ja Kärsämäen ja Reisjärven seurakunnissa 1860-luvulla
items: Introduction
items: Valheita Trumpin Amerikasta – vastine kirja-arvioon
items: Antiikintutkimuksesta Oulun yliopistossa vuosina 1972–2024
items: “Pythagoras, Ptolemy, Socrates these people are thieves”: Afrocentrism and Classical Past in Rap Music
items: Kaaos hallitsee. Hesiodoksen Theogonia ja kreikkalainen black metal
items: Fecundity and Ferocity of the European Peoples: The Reception of Two Classical topoi in the Res Germanicae (1531) of Beatus Rhenanus
items: Keskustelu kansainvälisestä maineesta ja turvallisuudesta: Suomi ja Japanin ero Kansainliitosta 1933
items: Uusi saamelaisten ylirajaisen historian yleisesitys
items: Trumpin Amerikka-kuva amerikkalaisittain tulkittuna
items: Salaisesta yhteistyöstä strategiseen kumppanuuteen: Suomen ja Japanin turvallisuuspoliittiset suhteet 1904–2023
items: Highway Robbery in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–17th Century
items: Nordic Classicism and Helsinki’s Housing
items: Lucretius’ Atomism as an Ideological Forerunner of Modern Astronomy
items: Hyvä jätkä ku Caligula – antiikin representaatioita suomenkielisessä rap-lyriikassa
items: Pohjolan Sparta ja Thermopylai joka päivä?
items: Images of Inequality: AI Created Depictions of Ancient Social Stratification
items: Juhannuskarkeloista kaupunkipuistotoiveisiin
items: Turun Sanomien välittämä kuva urheilusta kansainvälisen vaikuttamisen keinona jatkosodan aikana
items: Piispankivi – rajamerkki vai sittenkin jotakin muuta?
items: Sarjakuva pohjoisen lehdissä vuoteen 1944
items: Nato-kumppanin olemusta etsimässä
items: 30 vuotta taidehistoriaa Oulun yliopistossa 1992–2022 – Muistikuvia
items: A Message From 1870s Japan: The Education of Women Is Important
items: Rautakautisia löytöjä Sievin Evijärveltä

Britain and the Russian Threat
type: item
subject: Katsaukset
  topic: section
creator: Olavi K. Fält
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 123
ending page: 130

The Interplay Between Non-Human Animals and Modernising Forestry in Finland During 1910s
type: item
description: Artikkeli tutkii metsänhoidon ja eläinten välistä suhdettä 1900-luvun alun Suomessa, jolloin modernisaatio ja taloudelliset muutokset muuttivat nousevan poliittisen yhteisön paradigmoja. Tutkimus keskittyy analysoimaan taloudellisen edun ylivoimaa erityisesti suhteessa eläimiin paljastaen talouden ylivoiman resurssikilpailussa. Tärkeimpänä lähteenä on A. K. Cajanderin (1879–1943) julkaisematon käsikirjoitus Metsänhoidon perusteet III, jonka avulla tutkitaan yhtäältä eläinten rooleja ja toimijuutta, jolla he muokkasivat metsään liittyvää diskurssia. Toisaalta se paljastaa, kuinka roolit heijastavat metsänhoitoon liittyviä ideologioita. Cajanderin tekstien kontekstualisoimiseksi, tutkimus luotaa sekä Cajanderin muita kirjoituksia että muiden tekijöiden kirjoja ja sanomalehtiaineistoja. Tutkimus esittää, että ympäristöajatteluun keskittyvä aatehistoria pystyy tuottamaan uusia tulkintoja asettamalla eläimet tutkimuksen keskiöön: metodi haastaa ihmiskeskeiset näkemykset ja paljastaa kuinka eläimet toimivat muutoksen agentteina ja kuinka heidän rooli vaikuttaa ihmisen ja ympäristön väliseen dynamiikkaan.
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
creator: Juha Haavisto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 37
ending page: 55

The Death Seat of Two Russian Soldiers – Folklore From the Great Wrath
type: item
description: The period known as the Great Wrath was associated with the Great Northern War (1700–1721) and the Russian invasion to Finland therein. The Great Wrath lasted from 1714 to 1721 being an extremely painful epoch especially for Northern Ostrobothnia. The devastation caused by the Russian Military was so complete that the conventional written sources from that time, such as parish registers, are almost absent. Most of the houses and churches in the area were burnt and people killed or enslaved. In addition, the great majority of the local authorities fled to safer regions. Thus direct historical sources and material culture associated with this period are sparse. Significant part of the information about the everyday life and particular events is based on oral tradition being generated 300 years ago. This study was focused on a particular tale from Haapavesi, Northern Ostrobothnia. An old wooden bench being the main character of this story. According to the folklore, at some point during the Great Wrath two Russian soldiers were sitting on the bench, then located in a house called Ojala and killed by the members of local resistance. The soldiers were then buried in nearby forest. The burial place was later renamed as Ryssänkorpi (Russian backwoods) to reflect this incidence. There are also other local names that are potentially associated with the Great Wrath such as flight routes and hiding places. In this study we take a closer look at the old wooden bench that potentially represents an exceptional artefact, directly related to incidences of the Great Wrath. To confirm the authenticity of the bench a dendrochronological analyses were performed to provide accurate dating for the wood that was used to construct the bench. The results of dendrochronological analyses indicated that the pine tree that was used as raw material for the bench had grown at least until 1839. The bench was thus probably manufactured in 1840s. This is more than hundred years after the Great North…
subject: Katsaukset
  topic: section
creator: Petteri Impola
creator: Juho-Antti Junno
creator: Titta Kallio-Seppä
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 111
ending page: 122

”Onhan tämä nyt mukavaa, kun on kotonta yhteys suureen maailmaan”
type: item
description: “It’s nice now that our house is connected to the big world” – hopes, concerns, and expectations related to the telephone among the residents of Lapland in the 20th century This study explores the meanings that residents of northern Finland have attributed to the telephone, as well as the hopes and fears associated with it. The development—or lack thereof—of telephone infrastructure in past decades is linked to the concept of human security. This includes feelings of insecurity in cases of illness or accidents, concerns about poor connections, experiences of injustice, perceptions of the right to participate and stay connected, and the view of the telephone as an enabler of economic activity. In Lapland, telephone lines were extended even to remote villages with the aim of providing residents with a means of communication. However, telephone technology did not always function as expected, and “telephone misery” was also the result of interpersonal conflicts among local residents. The ways in which the telephone was used in Lapland often differed from southern Finland, with state-funded public telephone points playing a central role. The justifications for acquiring a telephone changed over the course of the 20th century. For instance, the need to report car accidents became more prominent from the late 1950s onward. In the 1960s, the growth of tourism, hiking, and the popularity of summer cottages became evident in applications for telephones, as did rising environmental concerns from the late 1960s onwards. Thus, the telephone was not only a catalyst or accelerator of change, but also an indicator through which we can study how everyday life and communities evolved. Establishing telephone connections in Lapland often required unique technical solutions, such as transmission towers built on mountain peaks. While the telephone was generally welcomed, the construction of telephone lines, the placement of public telephone points, and the introduction of new technologie…
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
subject: puhelimet
  topic: keywords
subject: puhelinliikenne
  topic: keywords
subject: historia
  topic: keywords
creator: Ritva Kylli
creator: Henri Wallen
creator: Leena Rantamaula
creator: Juha Saunavaara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 83
ending page: 108

Godfrey Greene and Sebastian Cabot: An English Lecturer and His Dog in Helsinki in the 1930s
type: item
description: This article addresses human–dog relationships in Helsinki in the 1930s through the case of Godfrey George Roundell Greene (1888–1956), an established lecturer in English at the University of Helsinki, and his Newfoundland dog Sebastian Cabot (aka Harlingen Nero). Using an analysis of their entangled lives and role in promoting English culture in the Finland of that period, the article focuses on their contribution to university and cultural life and underlines their strong interspecies relationship. On the basis of current scholarship in human–animal studies, the article also underlines the dog’s non-human agency and role in constructing animal spaces.
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
subject: human-animal studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Godfrey Greene
  topic: keywords
subject: Sebastian Cabot
  topic: keywords
subject: Newfoundland dogs
  topic: keywords
subject: English Studies
  topic: keywords
creator: Jopi Nyman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 57
ending page: 81

Nälkävuodet Oulun läänissä, Haapajärven kihlakunnassa ja Kärsämäen ja Reisjärven seurakunnissa 1860-luvulla
type: item
description: Suomen nälkävuodet 1860-luvulla olivat yksi Euroopan viimeisistä suurista väestökatastrofeista. Artikkelin tarkoituksena oli tutkia nälkävuosien syitä ja seurauksia Oulun läänissä. Eri lähdeaineistojen kautta halusin saada vastauksia kysymyksiin, miten katovuodet kohdistuivat läänin eri alueisiin, mitä vaikutuksia niillä oli alueen väestöön ja mitkä tekijät vaikuttivat koettujen väestömuutosten taustalla. Koko läänin tasolla tarkasteltuna nähdään selvästi, että pohjoiset kihlakunnat, Kemi ja Lappi, selvisivät nälkävuosista selvästi muita alueita paremmin. Syitä tähän lienee kaksi. Ne eivät olleet yhtä riippuvaisia viljan viljelystä kuin eteläiset alueet, vaan pohjoisessa maatalous oli karjatalouspainotteisempi. Kemin kihlakunta oli Oulun läänin ylivoimaisesti tärkein vointuotantoalue 1860-luvulla. Toinen, tärkeämpi, syy oli ehkä se, etteivät nälänhädän liikkeelle ajaneet kerjäläislaumat suunnanneet kulkuaan pohjoiseen vaan etelään. Näin tauditkaan eivät levinneet pohjoisiin kihlakuntiin samassa mittakaavassa kuin eteläisiin. Tutkimus vahvistaa aiempien tutkimusten käsitystä siitä, että suuret nälkävuodet koettelivat voimakkaimmin Oulun läänin eteläosia, varsinkin Haapajärven kihlakuntaa. Monien siihen kuuluneiden pitäjien suhteelliset väestötappiot olivat koko Suomen suurimpien joukossa. Yksittäisistä seurakunnista eniten kärsi Reisjärvi. Sen väestötilastoja tutkimalla selviää, että nälänhädästä huolimatta vain harvat kuolivat varsinaisesti nälkään. Pääasiallisina tappajina olivat taudit, varsinkin lavantauti ja punatauti.
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
subject: Nälkävuodet
  topic: keywords
subject: Oulun lääni
  topic: keywords
subject: Haapajärven kihlakunta
  topic: keywords
subject: Reisjärvi
  topic: keywords
subject: 1860-luku
  topic: keywords
creator: Matti Leiviskä
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 5
ending page: 35

Introduction
type: item
subject: Johdanto
  topic: section
creator: Jaakkojuhani Peltonen
creator: Jussi Rantala
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.fi
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 5
ending page: 6

Valheita Trumpin Amerikasta – vastine kirja-arvioon
type: item
subject: Keskustelua
  topic: section
creator: Markku Ruotsila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 177
ending page: 180

Antiikintutkimuksesta Oulun yliopistossa vuosina 1972–2024
type: item
subject: Katsaukset
  topic: section
creator: Timo Sironen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 169
ending page: 173

“Pythagoras, Ptolemy, Socrates these people are thieves”: Afrocentrism and Classical Past in Rap Music
type: item
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
creator: Jaakkojuhani Peltonen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 111
ending page: 124

Kaaos hallitsee. Hesiodoksen Theogonia ja kreikkalainen black metal
type: item
description: Ancient gods and their mythology are one of the most important themes in black metal music. Particularly from the early 1990s onwards, with the rise of the modern, so-called second wave of black metal, some of the new bands of the genre replaced the satanic/individualistic approach that had been the predominant theme in the genre. Instead, they turned to traditional, pre-Christian mythologies of their native cultures as an inspiration for their music and lyrics. The birth of modern black metal is usually considered to have taken place in Norway and other Nordic countries, and rightly so. However, from very early on, we can find black metal bands from other parts of Europe as well. A particularly important scene outside the north was in Greece, where several black metal bands emerged already in the 1980s and later as part of the second wave in the 90s. My paper takes a closer look at the role of Theogonia (‘the birth of the gods’) by Hesiod in Greek black metal. Hesiod’s poem, composed circa 730–700 BCE, is one of the most complete and important sources for understanding early Greek cosmology and mythology. As a result, it should provide an excellent starting basis for Greek black metal bands, considering the vast importance of national mythologies for the genre. As my paper shows, while the gods of Theogonia are widely used by Greek bands, the actual opus of Hesiod is much less used by them. Accordingly, the article mostly concentrates on the most explicit case, the album Theogonia by one of the most important Greek black metal bands, Rotting Christ. As the paper points out, while the band used Hesiod’s work as a basis and framework, their approach was not very similar to traditional ‘pagan’-oriented black metal bands. Instead, their lyrics concentrated on individualism and rebellion, not so much on national or even ‘collective’ themes that were often prominent when dealing with ancient mythology.
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
creator: Jussi Rantala
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 93
ending page: 110

Fecundity and Ferocity of the European Peoples: The Reception of Two Classical topoi in the Res Germanicae (1531) of Beatus Rhenanus
type: item
description: This article looks at the reception, in the Res Germanicae of the prominent Alsatian humanist Beatus Rhenanus, of a classical assemblage of literary tropes that portrayed European barbarian groups as naturally prone to over-abundance of fertility as well as intrinsically fierce. In antiquity, the conjuncture of ideas about threatening demographic growth and natural ferocity affected deeply the way that Romans thought about their relationship with the northerners, whether ‘free’ groups or provincials. In Rhenanus’ conception of the early Germanic history, though, the otherwise faithfully followed testimonies of ancient authors have been selectively utilized in this regard. While the motif of ferocity is put into use, the idea of European barbarians’ fecundity is conspicuously avoided. Several explanations connected with Rhenanus’ authorial intentions and historical context are proposed for this factor in classical reception, ranging from the role of the Ottoman threat in the Early Modern European imagination, to the preference for the notion of ancient Germanic martial virtus as an explanatory factor for their successes instead of their numbers. What Rhenanus’ strategies of reception reveal is an open-ended negotiation with the classical inheritance during a very crucial period in the formation of the concept of Europe.
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
creator: Antti Lampinen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 9
ending page: 25

Keskustelu kansainvälisestä maineesta ja turvallisuudesta: Suomi ja Japanin ero Kansainliitosta 1933
type: item
description: In the spring of 2024, Finland had many discussions about securing the eastern border against Russia’s possible attempts to influence it. In connection with that were concerns about how the new law might conflict with the constitution and international agreements regarding asylum seekers. In other words, the question was how to balance international agreements and the contradiction created by national security. This type of security policy discussion seeking balance related to conflicts of interest is by no means new in Finnish history. As an example, I will examine the process when the League of Nations discussed Japan’s aggressive foreign policy on the Asian continent from 1931 to 1933. In that, Finland had to consider the different emphases of national security in relation to international cooperation and reputation. The handling of the question of Manchuria in the League of Nations forced Finland to take an official position. Finland had to vote against Japan, albeit reluctantly, because security policy at that time relied on the League of Nations. In addition, through England, concerns about important financial interests were also associated with the vote and were partly related to concerns about general international prestige and reputation. The counterweight was Japan’s possible support against the threat of the Soviet Union. However, it did not weigh so much that Finland would have abandoned its security policy based on the League of Nations. A line was drawn in which Finland could appear to be a united front with the leading states of the League of Nations and be part of the international regulatory system of the time. Thus, in that situation, the line of supporting international order and regulation was followed at the time. The case speaks well of how difficult it is, especially for a small state, to find a suitable line amid contradictions caused by international pressure.
subject: Keskustelua
  topic: section
creator: Olavi K. Fält
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-16
publication date: 2024-12-16
starting page: 219
ending page: 226

Uusi saamelaisten ylirajaisen historian yleisesitys
type: item
subject: Kirja-arviot
  topic: section
creator: Jukka Nyyssönen
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-16
publication date: 2024-12-16
starting page: 211
ending page: 215

Trumpin Amerikka-kuva amerikkalaisittain tulkittuna
type: item
subject: Kirja-arviot
  topic: section
creator: Ari Helo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-16
publication date: 2024-12-16
starting page: 203
ending page: 209

Salaisesta yhteistyöstä strategiseen kumppanuuteen: Suomen ja Japanin turvallisuuspoliittiset suhteet 1904–2023
type: item
description: Today, while globalization has continuously strengthened, phenomena have emerged that seem to take global development in the opposite direction. The beginning of its current phase can be considered the massive One Belt, One Road policy that Chinese President Xi Jinping initiated in practice in 2013 to increase China’s influence in nearby regions and around the world. Russian President Vladimir Putin’s war against Ukraine followed this policy the next year, along with the occupation of Crimea to restore the country’s Soviet-era superpower status. Due to these events, the question of how various international crises can affect mutual relations between countries has been raised. I am studing this question in light of the relations between Finland and Japan, i.e. how different crises have been reflected in them. I will start with the Finnish-Japanese cooperation during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), after which I will briefly examine the security crisis of the 1930s, WWII, the reestablishment of diplomatic relations between Finland and Japan in 1957, and finally, the visits of the Finnish state leadership to Japan from 2016 to 2022. After the occupation of Crimea in 2014, President Sauli Niinistö visited Japan in March 2016, Defense Minister Jussi Niinistö in February 2019, Prime Minister Sanna Marin in May 2022 after the escalation of the war in Ukraine, and Defense Minister Antti Kaikkonen in October that same year. I have studied the political relations between Finland and Japan often, but the aforementioned changes in international politics in the 2010s due to the politics of China and Russia have created a new starting point for them. The Finnish-Japanese security policy cooperation and friendship that started with the Russo-Japanese War has progressed after several intermediate stages to the official strategic partnership concluded in 2016 and the clear cooperation declarations associated with this partnership. The cooperation was characterized by a conflict …
subject: Katsaukset
  topic: section
creator: Olavi K. Fält
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-16
publication date: 2024-12-16
starting page: 177
ending page: 194

Highway Robbery in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–17th Century
type: item
description: Road robbery is a specific crime that was widespread across Europe and has been around for ages. The gangs that emerged would rob and live along the roads. Historians have taken note of this social phenomenon. However, the historiography has mainly focused on road robbery in Western Europe in the 15th and 17th centuries. Historians have much less studied road robbery in Eastern Europe, what may lead to the unreliable perception that the scale of these crimes in Eastern Europe was lower. This article examines the case of road robbery in the GDL: the causes and circumstances of crimes, the timing and location, and the composition of social groups of the perpetrators and the victims. The study has led to conclusions that add to the knowledge of the history of crime in Europe.
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
creator: Tomas Čelkis
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-16
publication date: 2024-12-16
starting page: 27
ending page: 63

Nordic Classicism and Helsinki’s Housing
type: item
description: The brief period of Art Nouveau, or Jugend, architecture was an international response to the pomposity of the Beaux Arts. Like other styles, it quickly faded before WWI, followed by many styles before functionalism. Especially in the Nordic countries, a brief period in the 1920s produced a type of architecture that is now known as Nordic Classicism, in part a wholly new interpretation of the classical architecture found in Italy. A new generation of Nordic architects on the Grand Tour, such as Gunnar Asplund, Hack Kampmann and Aino and Alvar Aalto, saw Italy with new eyes. In Helsinki, despite a rather hectic period of housing construction in the 1920s, almost no public housing was built. Various private joint building ventures were the principal developers of the city. The few public housing projects at the time were mainly designed by Gunnar Taucher and Martti Välikangas. Based on their architectural Grand Tours to Rome and Pompei, they connected the low-budget public projects to the more affluent classical private housing companies. The state’s civil service built the classical housing companies, while the army’s officers built their own. The working class had their own interpretations of the same theme. What architectural differences are evident due to the clients’ varying political backgrounds? On the one hand, Nordic Classicism in Helsinki was an aspect of close-knit Nordic cooperation between different architects, which was connected to the architects’ Grand Tours to Italy. Many Italian architettura minore influences found in their travel sketches materialised in the newly built environment. What is interesting is that the priority given to the new simplified version of classical architecture occurred in parallel with the early state-building process in the Nordic countries. At the same time, the clients, whether public or private, favoured classical architecture, ranging from workers’ joint building ventures to the more affluent and luxurious housing compan…
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
creator: Juhana Heikonen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 27
ending page: 51

Lucretius’ Atomism as an Ideological Forerunner of Modern Astronomy
type: item
description: The modern astronomic picture of the universe is astonishing: outer space is filled with a myriad of planets, stars, galaxies, and black holes, and it seems that the universe has come into existence through a primordial explosion. The modern image has required highly developed scientific devices, such as powerful telescopes. In antiquity, the description of the celestial world was established by ordinary observation of the sky, empirical reasoning and primitive astronomical devices. Titus Lucretius Carus, a poet, philosopher and an adherent of Epicureanism in the late Roman period, favoured experience and empirical reasoning. Although he is not an astronomer and propounds incorrect, obsolete, and unclear astronomical views, I argue in this article that he is an ideological forerunner of modern astronomy. Specifically because (1) his work De rerum natura was a source of inspiration for natural scientist especially in the early modern period, (2) his astronomical views and modern astronomy have points of contact and (3) he discusses matters, which are topical in modern astronomy.
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
creator: Visa Helenius
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
starting page: 73
ending page: 92

Hyvä jätkä ku Caligula – antiikin representaatioita suomenkielisessä rap-lyriikassa
type: item
description: The influence of the Greco-Roman world is deeply embedded in all spheres of Western culture. Its stories, myths, and classical quotations are woven into everyday language and cultural expression, making their presence in popular poetic forms, such as rap lyrics, unsurprising. This article examines Finnish rap lyrics from the 2010s and 2020s that contain references to the classical world. Notably, references to Greek mythology are the most prevalent, with figures such as the Midas touch and the Trojan horse frequently used as idiomatic expressions. For example, these allusions serve as a means to critique contemporary societal issues and generational concerns, such as consumerism and biodiversity loss, as rap lyrics often reflect the socio-political context in which they are composed. Additionally, quotations from ancient authors are present in the lyrics, appearing in various forms—some as direct citations in Latin, others as modified versions, and some translated into Finnish. Overall, the use of references to the classical world in the analyzed lyrics is highly creative, revealing multiple layers of meaning upon closer examination. Moreover, the lyrics demonstrate that expressions rooted in classical antiquity seamlessly integrate into contemporary Finnish self-expression.
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
creator: Maria Jokela
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 125
ending page: 142

Pohjolan Sparta ja Thermopylai joka päivä?
type: item
description: The golden age of Sparta ended with the Battle of Leuktra in 371 BCE, yet its reception and influence remained strong, particularly during the Roman period. Writers like Pausanias and Plutarch sustained its mythical reputation, and Leonidas’ hero cult was even revived to inspire Trajan’s Persian campaigns. Sparta has significantly influenced both social philosophy and military culture throughout European and American history. Finland, too, has engaged with Spartan imagery, from its Grand Duchy period to independence. Songs like Ateenalaisten laulu (The Song of the Athenians), based on a poem by Tyrtaeus and set to music by Jean Sibelius, and Thermopylain laulu (The Song of Thermopylae) by Heikki Klemetti and Uuno Kailas, were widely popular in the Republic of Finland. At times, Finland has even been called “The Sparta of the North.” Today, Sparta remains well known in Finland, primarily through movies, comics, and video games. Its influence is visible in gym names, security companies, and sports teams. However, in global and social media contexts, Spartan imagery is often linked to far-right ideology and militarism. While European right-wing populism has surfaced in Finland, its engagement with Sparta differs from that of other countries. This article examines Finland’s reception of ancient Sparta from the early 19th century onward, drawing primarily from historical newspapers in The National Archives of Finland. Two key findings emerge: first, Finland was frequently likened to the Spartans at Thermopylae during the Civil War of 1918 and World War II. Second, unlike their counterparts in for example France, Greece, Sweden, and the U.S., Finland’s far-right movements have not widely adopted Spartan iconography or ethos.
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
subject: Sparta
  topic: keywords
subject: Antiikin jälkivaikutus
  topic: keywords
subject: Äärioikeisto
  topic: keywords
subject: Suomen sisällissota
  topic: keywords
subject: Talvisota
  topic: keywords
creator: Nikolai Paukkonen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 53
ending page: 71

Images of Inequality: AI Created Depictions of Ancient Social Stratification
type: item
description: The study of historical inequality has gained increasing attention in recent years, particularly in archaeology. Our understanding of the past is shaped by contemporary perspectives, especially when examining concepts such as inequality, which were perceived differently in antiquity than they are today. This article explores how artificial intelligence (AI) contributes to the visualization of ancient inequality by generating images based on textual prompts. Focusing on the ancient Roman world, it examines the biases embedded in AI-generated images and their implications for historical understanding. AI image generators, such as DeepAI and Adobe Firefly, produce visuals by drawing on extensive training datasets of images and captions. As AI-generated images become more prevalent – often used alongside textual narratives and oral presentations – they have the potential to shape public and scholarly perceptions of historical subjects, including ancient inequality. This article addresses four key questions: 1. What do AI image generators produce when given prompts related to antiquity and inequality? 2. What can the generated images reveal about the training data used in these AI models? 3. How useful are AI-generated images for studying ancient inequality and its reception? 4. What broader insights can these images offer for the study of ancient social structures? To investigate these questions, this study analyzes AI-generated images of inequality using three levels of prompts: general (“ancient”), more specific (“Roman”), and highly specific (“Pompeii”), and with different types of other definitions, such as social, wealth, and health inequality. The results reveal that AI-generated images primarily depict outdoor scenes featuring people and architectural elements, often including columns and similar supporting structures. A key finding is that the visual styles of these AI-generated images reflect the biases of their underlying datasets. DeepAI tends to generate ima…
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
subject: Antiikki
  topic: keywords
subject: Rooman valtakunta
  topic: keywords
subject: Pompeji
  topic: keywords
subject: eriarvoisuus
  topic: keywords
subject: tekoäly
  topic: keywords
subject: varallisuus
  topic: keywords
subject: terveys
  topic: keywords
subject: yhteiskunnallinen asema
  topic: keywords
creator: Samuli Simelius
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 143
ending page: 165

Juhannuskarkeloista kaupunkipuistotoiveisiin
type: item
description: National parks have been the most recognized form of nature conservation worldwide, but nature has also been significant in urban environments. In Finland, cities began establishing so-called people’s parks or municipal parks from the late 19th century. These were natural or lightly maintained recreational and hiking areas that were easily accessible and freely available to urban residents. Since 2000, it has also been possible to establish national urban parks with a more official status. The relationship between cities and their people’s/municipal parks has involved tensions arising from urban growth and economic land use requirements. This article examines the use of the Ounasvaara recreational area near the city of Rovaniemi and its long-term development and conservation goals. It is particularly important to look at conflicts, as they reveal the values and motivations of different stakeholders. The sources emphasize newspapers from the earlier part of the period and city and authority documents from the later part. From the late 19th century until the mid-20th century, there were no significant conflicts related to the use of Ounasvaara. It was a very rural people’s park where traditional and new uses coexisted. Midsummer festivities and winter sports events at Ounasvaara attracted large audiences, but these events were seasonal and there was little construction in the area. The first initiative for conservation was made as early as 1910, but even then, tourism and nature conservation were not considered conflicting purposes. The area was quite large, and the proportion of private land ownership was significant, so conservation decisions could not be achieved over a long period despite several plans. A ski lodge was built on the hill in 1949, and a hotel was constructed in 1968. The hotel construction already faced criticism from local heritage and nature associations, contrasting the concept of a people’s park with the interests of a small group of hotel guest…
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
creator: Matti Salo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-16
publication date: 2024-12-16
starting page: 65
ending page: 102

Turun Sanomien välittämä kuva urheilusta kansainvälisen vaikuttamisen keinona jatkosodan aikana
type: item
description: Sanomalehdistö on vaikuttanut liikuntakulttuurin muodostumiseen Suomessa. Urheilu ja maanpuolustus ovat tukeneet toisiaan koko itsenäisen Suomen historian ajan. Urheilupolitiikan noustessa itsenäistymisen myötä tärkeäksi osaksi julkista valtaa, urheilutoimijoilla oli tärkeä rooli itsenäisyyden turvaajina. Urheilu edisti armeijan puolustuskuntoisuutta ja näin ollen kansakunnan elinkelpoisuutta. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelen, miten Turun Sanomat kirjoitti liikunnasta ja urheilusta kansainvälisen vaikuttamisen keinona jatkosodan aikana. Tutkimukseni aineisto koostuu Turun Sanomien jatkosodan aikaisista numeroista 25.6.1941 – 19.9.1944. Jatkosodan aikaisista numeroista olen valinnut tarkemmin analysoitavaksi yhteensä 250 liikuntaa ja urheilua käsittelevää kirjoitusta. Sotien aikana Turun Sanomat oli yksi Suomen merkittävimmistä ja seuratuimmista sanomalehdistä. Lehden liberaalinen linja, johon itsenäisyyden menettämisen uhka toi nationalistisia piirteitä, on mielenkiintoinen. Turun Sanomien valintaa alkuperäisaineistoksi puoltavat myös paikallishistoriallinen näkökulma ja väitöskirjani maantieteellinen rajaus. Jatkosotaa edeltäneen talvisodan aikaisessa kansainvälisessä vaikuttamisessa keskeistä oli tuen ja avunannon pyytäminen. Tähän käytettiin välineenä urheilua, esimerkiksi Taisto Mäen ja Paavo Nurmen Yhdysvaltojen kilpailukiertueen muodossa. Paavo Nurmen agendalla oli juoksunäytösten ohella esimerkiksi aseellisen avun pyytäminen Yhdysvalloilta. Nurmen palattua kiertueeltaan hän alkoi ottaa kantaa kotimaan asioihin; nyt oli keskityttävä suurten urheilutapahtumien sijaan kansalaisten liikuttamiseen. Jatkosodassa suomalaiset eivät tehneet Yhdysvaltojen kiertueita. Maailmaa valloittivat kestävyysjuoksuhegemonian saavuttaneet ruotsalaiset – Gunder Hägg etunenässä. Suomi suhtautui urheilunkin osalta asevelihengessä Saksaan, ainakin tiettyyn pisteeseen saakka. Jatkosodassa kansainvälisen vaikuttamisen keinot olivat entistäkin rajatummat; Suomen osanotto kansainvälisiin ki…
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
creator: Jan Westerberg
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-16
publication date: 2024-12-16
starting page: 103
ending page: 130

Piispankivi – rajamerkki vai sittenkin jotakin muuta?
type: item
description: Piispankivi is a monumental stone structure in Bothnian Bay, built on the island of Iso-Huituri in the coastal area of the town of Tornio. Its cubical stone filled feature is appr. three metres high and has four appr. six metres wide walls. Explanations for the purpose of this man-made structure derive from the name of the structure: Bishop’s stone. According to the prevailing interpretation, Piispankivi would be a part of a chain of boundary markers between the dioceses of Uppsala and Turku, which extends to Western Lapland. The structure would have been built as a boundary marker around 1346 or shortly after the bishops of Uppsala and Turku met in the Bothnian Bay to agree on regional and tax matters. In this paper we propose another explanation. In our view old maps, documentation of border disputes from the 16th to 18th centuries, and traditional border demarcation practices at sea do not support the interpretation of the Piispankivi as a sign of the diocesan boundary, instead they reveal arguments against it. We would suggest an explanation based on the structure’s monumental symbolism, which is supported by the massiveness of the structure and the large amount of work it required at sea, far from settlements. We consider it most likely that the Piispankivi would have been erected by the Bishop of Uppsala and built by local peasants in the 1370s or later as a massive monument in the disputed border region to mark the archbishop's territory with its taxing rights against the power aspirations of Novgorod. At present, Piispankivi is one of the oldest ancient monuments preserved in its original form in Northern Finland.
subject: Tutkimusartikkelit
  topic: section
creator: Juha Ylimaunu
creator: Seppo Rintala
creator: Janne Ikäheimo
creator: Titta Kallio-Seppä
creator: Terhi Tanska
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-16
publication date: 2024-12-16
starting page: 5
ending page: 26

Sarjakuva pohjoisen lehdissä vuoteen 1944
type: item
description: Pohjois-Suomessa sarjakuva valjastettiin ensimmäisenä poliittisen satiirin käyttöön, kun Jätkä-pilalehti K.A. Suvannon tekemän Antti Lehkosen merkilliset elämänvaiheet -sarjan. Inspiraatio julkaisuun tuli saksankielisestä maailmasta, jossa vastaavilla tarinoilla oli perinteitä jo 1840-luvulta saakka. Saksasta tuli muutenkin paljon vaikutteita Suomeen, joten suunta oli luonteva. Lisäksi työväenliikkeessä seurattiin alueen tapahtumia tarkasti. Eurooppalaista vaikutusta olivat Jätkän kustantamon päälehden Kansan Tahdon joulukuussa 1913 aloittamat Kuvakatsaukset. Viikon keskeiset uutiset kertaavalla sarjakuvakatsauksella oli juuret myös alkavassa uutisfilmien maailmassa. Niiden alku oli Ranskassa, mutta nopeasti niitä tehtiin ympäri maailman, myös Suomessa. Kuvakatsaus oli houkutin uudistaa lehden tilaus seuraavalle vuodelle. 1930-luvulla samaa keinoa sarjakuvien avulla käyttivät Raahen Seutu ja Kainuun Sanomat. Pohjoisen aikakauslehtiin sarjakuvat tulivat tiedonhalun kautta. Useammat suojeluskuntapiirit antoivat alueellisissa lehdissään sotilasoppia. Tämä valistus päättyi, kun tiedon epäiltiin päätyvän myös vääriin käsiin. Huumori- ja viihdesarjakuvat tulivat Suomeen pääasiassa Yhdysvalloista. Siellä 1890-luvulla oli sarjakuva kaupallistettu osaksi lehdistön levikkitaistelua, täällä mahdollisuudesta kiinnostuttiin vasta 1920-luvun puolivälin jälkeen kilpailun lukijoista kiristyttyä. Ensimmäinen välähdys amerikkalaisista perhesarjakuvista pohjoisessa olivat tupakkaa markkinoivat mainossarjakuvat. Amerikkalaiset syndikaatit myivät sarjakuviaan alueellisten toimistojen kautta. Suomeen niitä ei ajanjaksolla perustettu, eikä Tukholmasta tai Kööpenhaminasta operoivat myyjät näyttäneet olevan kiinnostuneita Pohjois-Suomesta markkina-alueena. Alue jäi pitkälti kotimaisen toimijan, Tekijätoimiston, varaan. Vuonna 1935 aloittanut suomalainen syndikaatti sai myytyä Helsingissä tai Tampereella asuneiden Poika Vesannon, Ami Hauhion ja Eeli Jaatisen sarjakuvia useampaankin lehteen. …
subject: Katsaukset
  topic: section
creator: Reijo Valta
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-16
publication date: 2024-12-16
starting page: 133
ending page: 176

Nato-kumppanin olemusta etsimässä
type: item
subject: Kirja-arviot
  topic: section
creator: Matti Mäntylä
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.fi
date: 2023-12-14
publication date: 2023-12-14
starting page: 91
ending page: 94

30 vuotta taidehistoriaa Oulun yliopistossa 1992–2022 – Muistikuvia
type: item
subject: Katsaukset
  topic: section
creator: Jorma Mikola
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.fi
date: 2023-12-14
publication date: 2023-12-14
starting page: 77
ending page: 87

A Message From 1870s Japan: The Education of Women Is Important
type: item
subject: Katsaukset
  topic: section
creator: Olavi K. Fält
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.fi
date: 2023-12-14
publication date: 2023-12-14
starting page: 69
ending page: 75

Rautakautisia löytöjä Sievin Evijärveltä
type: item
subject: Katsaukset
  topic: section
creator: Ville Hakamäki
creator: Mirette Modarress
creator: Emilia Jääskeläinen
creator: Jari Okkonen
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Faravid – Historian ja arkeologian tutkimuksen aikakauskirja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.fi
date: 2023-12-14
publication date: 2023-12-14
starting page: 51
ending page: 68